OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter and attending lecture, you should be able to:
1. Destinguish between molecules and compounds.
2. State the four elements essential to life that make up 96%of living matter.
3. Describe the subatomic structure of an atom.
4. Define and distinguish among atomic number, mass number and valence.
5. Determine the number of neutrons based on the atomic number and mass number of an atom.
6. Explain the definition of an isotope and give examples.
7. Explain the octet rule and predict how many bonds an atom might form.*
8. Predict unstable structures based on the octet rule.*
9. Explain why the noble gases are so unreactive.
10. Explain why carbon and silicon have similar properties.
11. Define electronegativity and explain how it influences the formation of chemical bonds.*
12. Use the electronegativity values given in your notes to predict if a bond between two atoms is nonpolar covalent or polar covalent.*
13. Distinguish among nonpolar covalent, polar covalent and ionic bonds. *
14. Describe the formation of a hydrogen bond and explain how it differs from a covalent or ionic bond.*
15. Predict if two moleucles will be capable of hydrogen bonding.*
16. Define hydrophobic interactions and give an example.*

*Topics covered in class

KEY TERMS

Matter, mass, element, compound, atom, proton, neutron, electron, atomic number, mass number, isotope, half life, electron shell, orbital, valence electrons, molecule, electronegativity, covalent bond, nonpolar covalent, polar covalent bond, ionic bond, cation, anion, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interactions, chemical reactions, hydrogen atom vs. hydrogen ion (proton).