OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the relationship between electronegativity (Chapter 2), polarity, and the hydrophilic properties of water.*
2 . Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule.*
3. Describe the properties of water and their environmental impact.*
4. How does water's heat capacity compare with other liquids? *
5. Explain how the polarity of the water molecule makes it a versatile solvent. *
6. Be comfortable with the terms mole (mol) and the molarity (M), and how to make a molar solution.
7. Write the equation for the dissociation of water.*
8. As pH changes, describe what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration, hydroxide ion concentration, and pOH. *
9. Distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. What dissolves in water and what doesn't?*
10. Understand that the pH scale is a log-based scale. For example, how much has the hydrogen ion concentration changed when the pH decreases by one pH unit? Is it 2 times greater?10 times greater? 100 times less?
11. Know how to calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-].*
12. Explain how acids and bases directly or indirectly affect the hydrogen ion concentration of solution. *
13. Distinguish between neutral, acidic and alkaline solutions and give some examples.*
14. Using the bicarbonate buffer system as an example, explain how this buffer works and what happens when the pH in the blood becomes too high or too low.*
 

KEY TERMS: cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, heat, tempuature, kinetic energy, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, solution, solvent, solute, aqueous solution, hydration shell, mole, molarity, hydronium ion, hydrogen ion, proton, hydroxide ion, dissociation, acid, base, pH scale, buffer.