BIOLOGY 190

CHAPTER 6: A TOUR OF THE CELL

OBJECTIVES

1. Compare and contrast LM, SEM and TEM. Identify the unique characteristics of each type of photograph derived from these microscopes.
2. Compare/contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.*
3. Compare/contrast plant and animal cells.*
4. Explain why there are upper limits to cell size.*
5. Describe how volume and surface area change during cell enlargement.*
6. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, and briefly explain how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.*
7. Identify the key parts of a nucleus and their functions.*
8. Describe the structure, function and locations of eukaryotic ribosomes.*
9. List the components of the endomembrane system; describe their functions and summarize the relationships among them.*
10. Explain the various roles of lysosomes.*
11. Explain how impaired lysosomal function causes the symptoms of disease.*
12. Describe the types of vacuoles and explain how their functions differ.*
13. Explain the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells.*
14. Give a brief overview of  the function of a mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)*
15. Know the compartments found in the mitochondrion.*
16. Give a brief overview of  the function of a chloroplast*
17. Know the compartments found in the chloroplast.*
18. Describe the functions of the cytoskeleton.*
19. Describe the structures and various functions of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.*
20. Describe the ultrastructure of a cillium/flegellum and the role of dynein and microtubules.*
21. Distinguish between cilia and flagella and give some examples of where they are found in eukaryotic organisms.*
22. Describe the structure and function of plant cell walls.*
23. Describe the structure and function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells.*
24. Briefly describe the role of plasmadesmata and gap junctions and where they are found.*
25. Predict the quantity (lots, little, none) of an organelle found in specific cell types.*

KEY TERMS
Prokaryote, Eukaryote, cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, chromosome, nucleolus, ribosome, endomembrane system, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi apparatus, cis face, trans face, lysosomes, phagocytosis, macrophages, food vacuole, contractile vacuole, central vacuole, peroxisome, mitochondria, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix, cristae, chloroplast, thylakoid, thylakoid space, grana (singular-granum), stroma, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, motor molecules, cilia, flagella, alpha and beta tubulin, actin, keratin, plant cell wall, cellulose, extracellular matrix, collagen, gap junction, plasmadesmata.